Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors of the Nuclear Receptor superfamily. PPAR active compounds are of significant interest in multiple pharmaceutical domains.
In this post, we’ll highlight a clever in vitro experimental approach to screen the PPAR-specific activity of therapeutically significant PPAR agonists or antagonists.

In previous blogs, I invited you to join me in exploring the relevance of the following pathways:

• B7-1 : CD28, B7-1 : CTLA4
• BLTA:HVEM, CD47:SIRPα
• GITR:GITRL
• CD40:CD40L
• PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2
• CD137:CD137L

Today I’d like to focus on the IDO pathway.

In previous blogs, I invited you to read about the relevance of the B7-1 : CD28, B7-1 : CTLA4, the BLTA:HVEM, CD47:SIRPα , the GITR:GITRL, the CD40:CD40L and the  PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2 pathway for immunotherapy screenings and discussed the products available to work on these pathways. Today, I will focus on the CD137:CD137L pathway.

CD137 is another co-stimulatory protein that is expressed on activated T cells. Unlike CD40:CD40L signaling, which primarily involves helper T-cells, CD137 has a crucial role in the development of cytotoxic T-cells and anti-tumor immunity. Its ligand, CD137L, is mainly expressed on antigen-presenting cells, such as activated B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, as well as on human tumor cells.

Co-stimulation through CD137:CD137L enhances T-cell activation, promotes the rejection of cardiac allografts and skin transplants, and eradicates experimentally induced tumors in animal models. Several clinical studies are on-going that use agonistic anti-CD137 antibodies to induce an anti-cancer response to solid tumors.

In my previous blogs, I invited you to read about the relevance of the B7-1 : CD28, B7-1 : CTLA4, the BLTA:HVEM, CD47:SIRPα , the GITR:GITRL and the PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2 pathway for immunotherapy screenings and discussed the research products available to study these pathways. Today, I’d like to focus on the CD40:CD40L pathway.