An interesting poster has recently been published by XenoTech: “Selection of Human Liver S9 and Cytosol Fractions for Evaluating Clearance by Aldehyde Oxidase (AO): The Impact of Low Versus High AO Activity Lots” by Phyllis Yerino, Clayton Otwell, Zell Woodworth and David B Buckley (XenoTech, LLC, Lenexa, KS, USA).

What is an integrated hepatic model and why is it important?

An integrated in vitro model maintains physiologic cellular components and processes at in vivo-relevant amounts. In the sandwich-cultured hepatocyte model, relevant drug transporter proteins (uptake and efflux), as well as drug metabolizing enzymes (Phase I and II), are expressed, maintained, and functioning together in the same system. The figure below graphically represents this concept (picture from Qualyst Transporter Solutions).